metatables 的创建和使用

metatable 定义了一组改变 lua 对象行为的操作。metatable 只是一个普通的表，以特殊的方式使用。

local meta = { } -- create a table for use as metatable

-- a metatable can change the behaviour of many things
-- here we modify the 'tostring' operation:
-- this fields should be a function with one argument.
-- it gets called with the respective object and should return a string
meta.__tostring = function (object)
    return string.format("{ %d, %d }", object.x, object.y)
end

-- create an object
local point = { x = 13, y = -2 }
-- set the metatable
setmetatable(point, meta)

-- since 'print' calls 'tostring', we can use it directly:
print(point) -- prints '{ 13, -2 }'