基本实施

union-find 数据结构的最基本实现包括一个数组 parent，它存储结构的每个元素的父元素。按照元素 i 的这些父指针引导我们到包含 i 的集合的代表 j = find(i)，其中 parent[j] = j 成立。

using std::size_t;

class union_find {
private:
    std::vector<size_t> parent;  // Parent for every node

public:
    union_find(size_t n) : parent(n) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            parent[i] = i;      // Every element is its own representative
    }

    size_t find(size_t i) const {
        if (parent[i] == i)     // If we already have a representative
            return i;           // return it
        return find(parent[i]); // otherwise return the parent's representative
    }

    void merge(size_t i, size_t j) {
        size_t pi = find(i);
        size_t pj = find(j);
        if (pi != pj) {        // If the elements are not in the same set: 
            parent[pi] = pj;   // Join the sets by marking pj as pi's parent
        }
    }
};