strspn 和 strcspn

给定一个字符串，strspn 计算仅由特定字符列表组成的初始子字符串（span）的长度。strcspn 是类似的，除了它计算由除列出的字符之外的任何字符组成的初始子字符串的长度：

/*
  Provided a string of "tokens" delimited by "separators", print the tokens along
  with the token separators that get skipped.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
    const char sepchars[] = ",.;!?";
    char foo[] = ";ball call,.fall gall hall!?.,";
    char *s;
    int n;

    for (s = foo; *s != 0; /*empty*/) {
        /* Get the number of token separator characters. */
        n = (int)strspn(s, sepchars);

        if (n > 0)
            printf("skipping separators: << %.*s >> (length=%d)\n", n, s, n);

        /* Actually skip the separators now. */
        s += n;

        /* Get the number of token (non-separator) characters. */
        n = (int)strcspn(s, sepchars);

        if (n > 0)
            printf("token found: << %.*s >> (length=%d)\n", n, s, n);

        /* Skip the token now. */
        s += n;
    }

    printf("== token list exhausted ==\n");

    return 0;
}

使用宽字符串的类似函数是 wcsspn 和 wcscspn; 他们的使用方式相同。